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Diggers
The Diggers were a group of Protestant radicals, sometimes seen as forerunners to modern anarchism,〔See Nicolas Walter, ''Anarchism and Religion'' (The Anarchist Library, 1991), p.3〕 and also associated with agrarian socialism〔E.g. "That we may work in righteousness, and lay the Foundation of making the Earth a Common Treasury for All, both Rich and Poor, That every one that is born in the Land, may be fed by the Earth his Mother that brought him forth, according to the Reason that rules in the Creation. Not Inclosing any part into any particular hand, but all as one man, working together, and feeding together as Sons of one Father, members of one Family; not one Lording over another, but all looking upon each other, as equals in the Creation;" in (The True Levellers Standard A D V A N C E D: or, The State of Community opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men )〕 and Georgism. Gerrard Winstanley's followers were known as ''True Levellers'' in 1649 and later became known as ''Diggers,'' because of their attempts to farm on common land.
Their original name came from their belief in economic equality based upon a specific passage in the Book of Acts.〔Acts 4:32, Today's English Version: "The group of believers was one in mind and heart. No one said that any of his belongings was his own, but they all shared with one another everything they had."〕〔The "(The True Levellers Standard A D V A N C E D )" specifically mentions Acts 4.32〕 The Diggers tried (by "leveling" land) to reform the existing social order with an agrarian lifestyle based on their ideas for the creation of small egalitarian rural communities. They were one of a number of nonconformist dissenting groups that emerged around this time.
==Historical background==
The year 1649 was a time of great social unrest in England. The Parliamentarians had won the First English Civil War but failed to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the defeated King Charles I. When members of Parliament and the Grandees in the New Model Army were faced with Charles' perceived duplicity, they tried and executed him.
Government through the King's Privy Council was replaced with a new body called the Council of State, which due to fundamental disagreements within a weakened Parliament was dominated by the Army. Many people became active in politics, suggesting alternative forms of government to replace the old order. Royalists wished to place King Charles II on the throne; men like Oliver Cromwell wished to govern with a plutocratic Parliament voted in by an electorate based on property, similar to that which was enfranchised before the civil war; agitators called Levellers, influenced by the writings of John Lilburne, wanted parliamentary government based on an electorate of every male head of a household; Fifth Monarchy Men advocated a theocracy; and the Diggers, led by Gerrard Winstanley, advocated a more radical solution.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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